pip安装 のバックアップ(No.3)

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• +python+pip安装 へ行く。
  • 1 (2020-02-11 (火) 10:03:57)
  • 2 (2022-06-06 (月) 16:26:45)
  • 3 (2022-06-06 (月) 17:35:26)
  • 4 (2022-06-07 (火) 09:41:14)

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Python

※This article is based on Python 3.7.3

pip安装第三方库 †[edit]

pip install scikit-learn #下载scikit-learn

只要在下载软件的后面加上==号，写入版本号即可！

pip install 软件名==版本号

# 下载scikit-learn的0.18.0版本

pip install scikit-learn==0.18.0

# 以管理者身份下载scikit-learn的0.18.0版本

pip install --user-v scikit-learn==0.18.0

#将库中的python模块用作脚本去运行安装scikit-learn

python -m pip install scikit-learn

安装pip †[edit]

安装python3.x的pip

sudo apt-get install python3-pip

问题 †[edit]

pip无法升级 †[edit]

报错：

Collecting pip
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/52/e1/06c018197d8151383f66ebf6979d951995cf495629fc54149491f5d157d0/pip-21.2.4.tar.gz
    Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
      File "c:\users\tzzha\appdata\local\temp\pip-build-nzbfrv\pip\setup.py", line 7
        def read(rel_path: str) -> str:
                         ^
    SyntaxError: invalid syntax

    ----------------------------------------
Command "python setup.py egg_info" failed with error code 1 in c:\users\tzzha\appdata\local\temp\pip-build-nzbfrv\pip\
You are using pip version 8.1.2, however version 21.2.4 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'python -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.

解决

python -m pip install --user --upgrade pip==20.2.4  #(换成你想要的版本编号)

ssl certificate †[edit]

WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=2, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/virtualenv/

Could not fetch URL https://pypi.org/simple/virtualenv/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/virtualenv/ (Caused by SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")) - skipping

或者

Ubuntu urllib2.URLError:<urlopen error unknown url type:https>

原因 †[edit]

是因为 Python 不支持 openssl 造成的，需要重新编译安装 python

参考官网

Note HTTPS support is only available if Python was compiled with SSL support (through the ssl module). 

https://docs.python.org/3/library/http.client.html

解决方法 †[edit]

先安装 virtualenv

pip install virtualenv -i http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple --trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com

在安装python之前需要先安装 openssl

安装 python 时如下配置、安装

./configure --prefix=/root/python38 --with-openssl=/root/openssl-1.1.0l --enable-shared
make
make install

注意：/root/openssl-1.1.0l路径为openssl官网下载的源码包解压后的文件夹路径

ubuntu WARNING: Download failure <urlopen error [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1131)> †[edit]

解决方法 †[edit]

sudo update-ca-certificates --fresh
export SSL_CERT_DIR=/etc/ssl/certs

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